NMS11766: International Health and Social Care Summative Assessment Help
Question
NMS11766: In this Healthcare Management assignment for Edinburgh Napier University, the student is supposed to write a comparative analysis on the difference between the systems of health and social care between a high-income and low-income country. For this purpose, a specific healthcare aspect needs to be selected based on which a comparative analysis report needs to be developed by the student.
Solution
This International Health and Social Care assignment demands extensive research and a thorough comparative analysis of the health and social care provided in low-income and high-income countries. This is why many students get stuck in writing this solution, for which OAS takes pride in delivering high-quality solutions.
In providing MSc Healthcare Management Assignment help for this essay, our experts have compared the health structures between Wales, a high-income nation, and Malawi, a low-income nation.
Introduction
First, a brief foregrounding has been provided by our experts to the topic of consideration. Our experts have highlighted the purpose of writing this essay as well here.
World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as the state of overall physical, social and mental well-being (WHO, 2023). It is not only the absence of any disease among people but also their attainment of highest standard of health, security and peace, irrespective of their religion, race, social and economic condition (WHO, 2023). At the same time, WHO also defines a healthcare system as a system built on having motivated and trained healthcare workers, a reliable supply of technologies and medicines and well-maintained infrastructure, backed by strong health plans, evidence-based policies and adequate funds (WHO, 2023a). The challenges and issues faced by the global healthcare systems over the last 30 years have increased tremendously in urbanization and population, rise in incidences of chronic disorders, infectious diseases, behavioural changes and traumatic injuries. As a result, global healthcare systems are undergoing major reforms in order to promote, maintain and restore public health (Durrani, 2016).
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Comparative analysis of the healthcare workforce in healthcare systems of Malawi and Wales
As per the direction provided in the task file, our experts have presented a comparative analysis of the healthcare workforce between the two nations. In providing International Health and Social Care Assignment Help here, our experts have used references from scholarly articles to support the significant points being presented here.
Malawi is a low-income country in Africa which is characterized by a significant burden of diseases and high mortality rates among children and adults. At the same time, the country also experiences critical shortage of healthcare workforce coupled with inadequate infrastructure, training and financing in its healthcare sector which is posing a challenge in effective healthcare delivery (WHO, 2018). Ripple Africa (2023) elaborates that Malawi has a national healthcare service which is provided to the citizens in three main forms namely, healthcare centres at local level, rural and regional hospitals and the district hospitals at highest level. However, one of the major issues in Malawi’s healthcare service provision is staff shortage. The country has very few doctors, equivalent to only one doctor for every 88,300 individuals. Meanwhile, healthcare system in Wales is developed where the National Health Service or NHS Wales is mainly responsible for delivering universal healthcare to around 3.1 million residents of Wales (Chang et al., 2011). However, according to Willson & Davies (2021), the progress of health and social care system in Wales is patchy which is also reflected in the service provision of NHS and similar to Malawi, one of the critical issues in Wales’ healthcare system is workforce shortage. As identified by Berman et al. (2021), the unequal and inadequate distribution of healthcare workers in Malawi is a significant barrier to effective healthcare provision. The country faces a shortage of 48% in its healthcare workforce, against its national targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. The study also highlights that workforce shortage in Malawi is acute especially within its rural areas, where around 84% of Malawi’s population lives, increasing the healthcare disparity in access and health outcomes between the rural and urban areas. Comparable findings in Wales also show that recruitment and staffing of healthcare professionals in rural areas is a major challenge in the country, leading to health inequalities (Welsh Government, 2018).
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Comparative analysis of healthcare policies on HIV/AIDS in Wales and Malawi
This is followed by a discussion on the healthcare policies related to HIV and AIDS in the two countries Wales and Malawi. An in-depth analysis has been done of the data present on the policies of the two countries, which is available on government documents to outline a comparative analysis between the two nation’s policy structures available.
Although the rate of global HIV infections has decreased significantly since the late 1990s, the epidemic continues to persist and remain highest in some African countries like Malawi (Wolock et al., 2023). The prevalence of the disease among adults is around 9.6%, its prevalence among men who have sex with men and gay men is 17.3% and among sex workers is about 60% in Malawi. Importantly, the country has managed to reduce the prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections among the young women, adolescent girls and other populations, specifically in urban areas but still continues to suffer from highest burden of the disease. So, Malawi has aligned its efforts with the 90-90-90 target to reduce the burden of the disease (UNAIDS, 2023b). Nevertheless, despite being a high-income and developed country, Wales is also prone to the burden of HIV among its population with around 100 individuals diagnosed annually with a 10% annual increase in people diagnosed with HIV. Thus, Wales has also set up a target of ending new HIV diagnoses by the year 2030 (Public Health Wales, n.d.). The Welsh government has come up with a policy named, HIV Action Plan for Wales 2023-2026 in which the country has stated its five key priority areas for action against HIV/AIDS infection. These five key priorities include prevention, testing, clinical care, living well with HIV and tackling HIV-related stigma. The priority actions are underpinned by three core principles involving zero tolerance for HIV-related stigma, implementation of services and initiatives in collaboration with people infected with HIV and subjecting all the initiatives to monitoring and evaluation so that they are capable of meeting the principles and actions in the plan (Welsh Government, 2023b). On the other hand, government of Malawi has been using a policy against HIV/AIDS, named Malawi National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS 2020-2025. The vision of the policy plan is to have a prosperous and healthy nation free from HIV/AIDS.
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Conclusion
The last section of this essay provides a brief summary of the above findings. We have provided only a snippet of the complete solution written by our experts here.
Concluding the essay, it was derived from the comparative analysis that Malawi and Wales are prone to healthcare workforce shortage although data regarding the exact demand of healthcare workforce is not known in Wales. At the same time, in order to have a well-trained workforce, Wales is investing heavily on training of its healthcare workforce whereas Malawi is mostly dependent on external sources for its funds. In order to overcome the issue of inadequate staff, Wales is planning on recruiting more workers while on the other hand, Malawi is focused on retaining its retaining its workforce by motivating them. Further, HIV/AIDS is one of the infectious diseases which has affected both the low-income and the high-income country.
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