HCS304: Clinical Biochemistry Online Exam Assignment Help
Question
HCS304: This is a nursing assessment for the University of Sunderland, in which an online exam is taken to assess the student’s learning with respect to the course modules and concepts. This is an open-book exam in which the student will be provided with five questions of which three need to be answered by the student within a limited time frame of four hours.
Solution
This online exam demands a thorough understanding of the course concepts. Many students face difficulty in completing this assessment in the limited time frame. This is why OAS offers Biochemistry Assignment Help by Top Academic Experts in England. Our subject matter experts ensure delivery of a well-written solution, within the four-hour timeframe. Online Exam Assistance by OAS takes into consideration the specifications, preferences, and challenges that the student might face while developing customized solutions, strategies, and support mechanisms to address distinct academic needs and foster success. We have provided some parts of the solution to three questions below:
Question 2
The second question has been chosen by our experts, which assesses the student’s understanding related to Arterial Blood Gases. In providing University of Sunderland Assignment Help, our experts demonstrate a thorough understanding of the concept modules, which enhances the academic integrity of these solutions.
Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) play a critical role in maintaining acid-base homeostasis within the body. Acid-base balance refers to the equilibrium between acids and bases in bodily fluids, particularly in the blood, which is essential for proper physiological functioning. ABGs provide valuable insights into the blood’s pH, levels of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), allowing clinicians to assess a patient’s acid-base status and make informed medical decisions. The pH of blood is a measure of its acidity or alkalinity, with normal values ranging between 7.35 and 7.45. Any deviation from this range can lead to acidosis (a decrease in pH) or alkalosis (an increase in pH), both of which can disrupt cellular processes. The body employs intricate mechanisms to regulate acid-base balance, with ABGs serving as a window into these processes. The respiratory and renal systems also play a major role in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body. The respiratory system plays a rapid role in maintaining pH by controlling the levels of CO2 in the blood. CO2 can combine with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which lowers blood pH. When blood becomes too acidic (acidosis), the respiratory system responds by increasing the rate and depth of breathing. This causes more CO2 to be eliminated through exhalation, reducing carbonic acid levels and raising the pH. Conversely, in cases of alkalosis, the respiratory rate decreases, allowing CO2 to accumulate and lowering pH. Furthermore, the kidneys play a longer-term role in regulating acid-base balance by controlling the excretion and reabsorption of HCO3-. In response to acidosis, the kidneys increase the reabsorption of HCO3- and excrete excess H+ ions, thus raising the blood pH. In alkalosis, the kidneys excrete more HCO3- and retain H+ ions, lowering the pH.
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Question 3
The next question demands the student to elaborate upon the significance of Therapeutic drug monitoring in modern healthcare. As you can observe below, in addition to module concepts, our experts have also supported the key points with sources from other scholarly articles. This is how we provide the best Nursing Assignment help in UK.
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is of paramount importance in modern healthcare for several compelling reasons. This practice involves measuring drug concentrations in a patient’s blood or urine to ensure that medications are administered at optimal levels, personalized to the individual’s characteristics and needs. The importance of TDM can be seen in various aspects. Firstly, patients exhibit considerable diversity in their response to medications due to genetic makeup, metabolism rates, age, and other physiological factors. TDM helps healthcare providers tailor drug dosages to each patient’s unique profile, ensuring that the treatment remains effective and safe. TDM is also important in optimizing efficacy. Many drugs have a narrow therapeutic range, wherein the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is minimal. TDM prevents underdosing, which could lead to treatment failure, as well as overdosing, which might cause harmful side effects. By fine-tuning drug levels, TDM enhances treatment efficacy. Furthermore, monitoring drug concentrations assists in detecting elevated levels that may result in toxic effects. By identifying such instances early, healthcare providers can intervene promptly, preventing adverse reactions and ensuring patient safety. TDM also provides insights into how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in a particular patient. This information aids in adjusting dosing regimens, accounting for factors such as renal or hepatic impairment, drug interactions, and age-related changes in metabolism. Lastly, in conditions like organ transplantation, where immune responses must be controlled to prevent rejection, TDM is vital. Maintaining consistent drug levels of immunosuppressants prevents organ rejection while minimizing the risk of infections or other complications. TDM is also useful for chronic diseases like epilepsy or HIV, TDM is pivotal in maintaining stable therapeutic levels. This helps in achieving disease control and avoiding relapses, ensuring a better quality of life for patients.
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Question 4
Lastly, in this question, our experts have remarked upon Cancer and the different biomarkers associated with it. As you can observe below, our experts have also cited certain figures and diagrams to provide a holistic understanding of the topic. This is how we provide the best BSc Adult Nursing Practice Assignment Help in UK.
Cancer is the uncontrolled and continuous growth of cells that are malignant and can metastasize to different organs of the body. Tumour biomarkers are “Biological molecules found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease. A biomarker may be used to see how well the body responds to a treatment for a disease or condition. Also called molecular markers and signature molecules.” (NIH). An ideal biomarker should be detectable only under malignant conditions, should be specific for types and sites of malignancy, the concentration of biomarker should vary according to the tumour burden in the body while responding to the change in the tumour size, and should also be detectable in smaller concentrations for early diagnosis. Importantly, currently, no available biomarker fulfills all the said conditions. Tumour biomarkers play an important role in several aspects of cancer detection, treatment, and management. They provide valuable information for the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment stratification, and monitoring.
For example in the case of breast cancer, the most common female cancer, though bloodbased biomarkers are not detectable in early diagnosis, several risk markers like BRA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations can be detected via genetic testing. These are genes that aid in the DNA repair mechanism and are generally implicated in the development of ovarian and breast cancer due to mutations. On detection of these mutations, elective hysterectomy and mastectomy can be opted prior to the development of cancer as a preventive measure. Several prognostic biomarkers have also been discovered in the disease that informs about the likely patient outcome irrespective of the treatment.
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