HCS304: Clinical Biochemistry Assignment Help
Question
HCS304: This is a University of Sunderland assignment, in which the students are required to write an essay assessing the biochemical testing protocols utilized in the diagnosis of thyroid illness. The assessment demands an in-depth understanding of the disease as well as the concept learnings from the Clinical Biochemistry subject. This is why we offer Nursing Assignment help incorporating in-depth research on the topic, and students can benefit immensely from the expertise and support offered by professionals in the field.
Solution
In providing BSc Adult Nursing Practice Assignment Help, our experts have written a comprehensive essay evaluating the testing methods available for thyroid disease. Our experts at OAS prioritize understanding the requirements pertaining to each of the aspects mentioned in the assessment file, based on which a thoroughly researched essay have been written by our experts.
Introduction
The assignment begins by providing a foregrounding to the main aspects related to thyroid. Our experts have also highlighted the purpose of writing this essay here.
Thyroid gland is a crucial component of the endocrine system. Releasing hormones like Triiodothyronine (T3), Tetraidothyronine (T4), and Calcitonin, this gland plays a crucial role in management of several important physiological functions. Additionally, the thyroid gland also plays an important role in negative and positive feedback control of other endocrine glands, like the pituitary and the hypothalamus gland.
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Basics of thyroid dysfunction
The next section presents a brief explanation of thyroid function and thyroid illness causes. An elaborative summary of the previous studies from peer-reiewed studies have been written in this essay. This is how we provide the best quality University of Sunderland Assignment Help to our students.
The thyroid gland secretes T3 and T4, when it is stimulated by the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) released by the adenohypophysis [1]. Once released, these hormones play a key role in the regulation of several physiological functions. Firstly, these hormones maintain the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by multidimensional regulatory mechanisms, including lipid regulation, facultative thermogenesis, and stimulating lipolysis and glycolysis. Additionally, these hormones also maintain insulin sensitivity and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis [2]. Simultaneously, T3 is also associated with thermoregulation by interacting with different thermoregulatory centres in the central nervous system (CNS) and through regulation of energy expenditure [3]. Thyroid hormones also regulate cardiac function by indirectly interacting with the cardiac receptors, which can increase myocardial inotropy, thereby enhancing cardiac contractility and rate [4]. These hormones also have cardioprotective effects as they promote cellular growth and metabolic adaptation [5].
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Current diagnostic testing
This section outlines the present-day clinical diagnostic procedures related to thyroid. Our experts have described the tests performed to determine the source of the disease and the tests used to diagnose thyroid dysfunction. In addition, the potential interpretations for the test results and the clinical implications of the findings have also been examined.
Arrays of clinical tests are used for preliminary and confirmatory diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Firstly, serum TSH level test is the key preliminary test for both hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Since the glands of the HPT axis regulate each other’s functioning through positive or negative feedback control [13]. Any type of thyroid dysfunction clinically manifests as either increased or decreased functioning of the pituitary gland that secretes TSH, making it a clinically relevant biomarker for all thyroid dysfunctions. While serum TSH level is increased through positive feedback in hypothyroidism, it is decreased through negative feedback in hyperthyroidism [14]. Additionally, any shift in the serum levels of T4 manifests as a 10-100 fold shift in serum TSH levels [13]. As such, these larger changes in serum TSH levels are easier to detect and to address than the minuscule changes in the serum T4 levels, which makes serum TSH test a gold standard for thyroid dysfunction [14].
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Comparison of current and emerging diagnostic technology
The following section presents a comparison between the existing and new therapeutic approaches to thyroid diagnosis. Here, our experts have elaborated upon the benefits and drawbacks of the technology available today and in the future for the diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Currently used thyroid diagnostic tests are limited by certain shortcomings, which necessitates development of new screening approaches for a more accurate diagnosis [14]. For instance, the serum TSH test assesses the measured hormone value to a fixed reference range [13]. However, the reference range changes due to several factors, including age, ethnicity, sleep cycle, gender, and certain drugs [13, 15]. As such, this correlation of the serum TSH level to a universal reference list may result in inaccurate diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction [15]. Likewise, in the context of TFT, free T3 and T4 molecules are present in nanomole quantities in per litre blood, which is difficult to determine precisely [14]. Consequently, routine care uses competitive assays, wherein serum levels of free hormones are calculated in correlation to the proportion of free antibody binding sites that are not occupied by T3 and T4 molecules [14]. However, the binding of these antibodies with other similar molecules present in the serum causes crossreactivity and erroneous estimation of serum levels of free T3 and T4. Moreover, since serum levels of T4 are greater than T3, as such, the immunoassay of T4 compared to the test for T3 [14].
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Conclusion
Lastly, a concluding paragraph have been provided to summarise the above findings. We have provided half of the conclusion written by our experts here.
Being a part of the HPT axis, the thyroid gland plays a key role in inducing and in maintaining normal physiological function. Three hormones released by this gland maintain crucial functions, including metabolism, thermoregulation, reproductive function, development of the nervous system, and even cardiac function. However, insults of both primary and secondary origin can cause thyroid dysfunction, which comprises immune-mediated damage of thyroid gland and cellular hyperplasia.
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