PROJ6002 Literature Review Assignment Help
Question
PROJ6002: This assignment is a necessary requirement for the applied research project. The students are required to submit a literature review which should include description as well as a critical analysis for the research problem identified by the student in research report, which constitutes the first part of the assessment. The review of the previous studies and research should be portrayed in an articulated manner to highlight the previous work done on the identified topic of interest.
Solution
The solution incorporates a comprehensive literature review on the research topic of “Smart City Management in Developing Nations”. Our experts have elaborated the meaning of smart cities and explained the problem that accompany the management of smart cities in the developing nations. Please keep reading to know more.
The solution begins with a brief introduction for the research topic followed by the aim of the literature review. Our experts have articulated the introduction in a manner that it orients the reader to the research problem and introduces the need for research in the specified area.
Introduction
Smart cities are expected to effectively manage the social, economic and environmental aspects of urbanisation and globalisation (Ringenson and Hojer 2016). While smart cities are expected to improve the quality of life, smart cities also have their impacts on environment and economy. Even though the smart cities present multiple advantages in implementing and management of cities, this paper argues that there are various challenges identified. Nasution and Nasution (2020) report that challenges of smart cities are not only limited to developing countries but also extend to developed countries.
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Our experts have begun the body of the essay with defining and describing the understanding of smart cities in order to clearly identify the focus of the research study.
Smart cities
Smart cities have been gaining importance and attention throughout the world, but the consensus around understanding of the concept of smart cities is lacking. There are different was in which smart city can be defined. In a simple explanation, a smart city is a place where conventional networks and services are provided to the population through flexible, efficient and sustainable methods which employ digitalisation and telecommunication technologies (Mohanty, Choppali and Kougianos 2016). According to Giffenger et al. (2007) have defined smart cities as cities 3which are well performing in a forward looking way with respect to economy, governance and people and constructed on combinations of technology and citizens.
Guo et al. (2018) define smart cities as urban areas which connect the infrastructure ITwith the social infrastructure and increase the collective intelligence in these cities. On the other hand, Washburn et al. (2009) state that Smart cities are cities which include administration, healthcare, education, and other public service in conjunction with intelligent systems which are interconnected and efficient (Washburn et al. 2009).
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The next part of the essay deals with the literature review of the studies relating to the management of smart city in the developing nations. Read a snippet of how our experts have strategised to identify and critically analyse the appropriate literature.
Smart City Management in Developing Nations
Gupta and Hall (2020) researched the process of two cities which are aspiring to become smart. The cities which are explored are Kakinada and Kanpur. The retrofitting development model was used to explore the findings. This study is important to the smart cities since it explores two current case cities which are transforming into smart cities. The findings presented show an interesting perspective where the industry professionals and officials’ perception about, what are smart cities and how smart cities are developed. This perception of professionals has been explored from differences in developed and developing countries and it is found that meaning of smart cities in developed countries is different from meaning of smart cities in developing countries. Smartness is defined differently in the two types of countries. Other attributes which have been explored are for whom the smart cities are made referring to the stakeholders which are involved in these cities. Therefore, this research points out that the meaning of smart cities differs between developed and developing countries with respect to the meaning attributed to smart cities. This means that if the meaning is different the approach towards development of smart cities would also be different. Hence the first research question which can be further explored is: What is the standard definition of smart cities in developing countries?
Ahmad, Abbas and Zia (2020) have also studied smart city development in developing countries. It is identified that smart cities are not unplanned structures which can be constructed randomly but are planned cities and infrastructural units where high end integration of social, economic and technological infrastructure is required. It is for this reason, that development of smart cities depends upon various aspects of planning and implementation. It is identified that while the smart cities hold different interpretation in different governments, the development of smart cities within one country is also not uniform. In reference to this discussion, it is highlighted that smart cities if developed in the same country may not be the same and therefore, determining the uniformity in smart cities remains a challenge since the government develops smart cities based on their objectives and convenience. This research shows that uniformity in policy making and implementation remains a major challenge in development of smart cities.
In the view of Aazam et al. (2016) a smart city is constructed when different public services are conjoined with technology and infrastructure to improve the lives of the people and promote sustainable development and urbanisation. One of the public services which was explored in this research was about waste management within smart cities. Referring to smart city waste management, this research shows that there is a difference between the plans made when the smart city is developed, and the actual plans which are implemented. Yet again a gap in planning and implementation is therefore identified.
The aspect of technology was explored by Ahad et al. (2020) in reference with development of smart cities. It was explored in this research that smart cities are smart due to the integrated technologies which are used. But at the same time, this research also indicates that while technology can be a cost to the countries, the use of technologies is also a major requirement. This research shows that technology requirement within the cities is an integral element of smart cities. It indicates that technology is a major issue and a strength as well. Hence, focussing on technology requirement aspect, this research indicates that technological limitations can restrict the able and sustainable development of cities and therefore technology can be both a strength and weakness in such development.
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Conclusion
The essay is concluded with a short paragraph on the findings from the review of the literature related to the research topic.
While literature points at a gap in identifying the barriers which can be generalised, it is observed that past studies have explored smart cities from view of implementation and planning and not the actual execution of the projects.
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